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천상열차분야지도(액자) 식별번호 - 22562661
천상열차분야지도(天象列次分野之圖)는 조선 태조4년(1395)에 고구려 천문도의 전통을 이어 받아 유방택(柳方澤, 1320-1402)과 권근(權近, 1352-1409)등 12명의 학자가 만든 천문도이다.
돌에 새긴 석각천문도로 세계에서 두 번째로 오래된 귀중한 유물이다. 천문도 중앙에 그려진 큰 원 안에는 1,467개의 별들과 별자리의 이름이 적혀있다.
가장 안쪽에 있는 원은 북극성을 중심으로 북쪽 하늘을 나타낸 것이고, 중간에 겹쳐져 있는 두 개의 원은 하늘의 적도와 황도를 나타낸 것이다.
아래에 있는 ‘논천(論天)’ 기사에는 천문도 작성의 역사적 배경과 제작자, 제작연월일이 적혀있다.
천문도 제작에 중추적인 역할을 담당했던 유방택은 천체 운행을 새롭게 계산하여 별의 위치 추산이 가능하도록 하여 최고의 천문학자로 평가되고 있다.
Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido, sometimes translated as "chart of the constellations and the regions they govern," is the world`s second oldest stone-carved star map which is known to have originated from the Goguryeo Kingdom.
First compiled in the 4th year (1395) of King Taejo`s reign of the Joseon Dynasty, the star map shows 1,467 stars engraved in different sizes according to their brightness, unlike Chinese stone-carved star charts.
The engraved stone was set up by Kwon Geun (1352-1409) and other eleven Seoun-gwan (the Bureau of Astronomy) members based on the calculations of astronomer Yu Bang-taek (1320-1402).
In addition to this 228th National Treasure star chart carved on a flat black stone, there is another star map (827th Treasure) carved on marble in the reign of King Sukjong.
The star chart is divided into three fields to describe the heavenly bodies: The upper field describes the sun and moon and takes the shape of the heavens to show the celestial equator and the zodiac divided into 12 regions near the ecliptic.
The field also illustrates the sizes and positions of the constellations in association with their corresponding terrestrial regions.
In the middle field, you can see the Milky Way and 1,467 stars drawn in a circle.
The lower field shows the names of people who engaged in the production of the star map and provides descriptions of ancient cosmology and the 28 constellations, along with as an explanation as to why the map was created.
